Sokan és sokat írták már a távmunkáról az elmúlt hónapokban, mivel a COVID-19 miatt, aki tehette, otthonról dolgozott. A távmunka azonban a legtöbb ember számára ismeretlen helyzet volt, amit kihívásként éltek meg. Itt most nem a járványhelyzetből fakadó nehézségekre gondolok elsősorban, hanem annak a tudásnak, tapasztalatnak a hiányára, ami ahhoz szükséges, hogyan szervezzünk meg egy munkanapot, milyen szabályokat tartsunk be ahhoz, hogy a munka és magánélet egyensúlya megmaradjon, hatékony legyen a munkavégzés.
Nekem éppen a pandémia előtt volt alkalmam fél évig távmunkában dolgozni külföldről. Az alábbi cikkben a személyes tapasztalataimat is megosztom erről a témáról.
Távmunka vagy otthoni munkavégzés?
Mielőtt rátérnék a távmunkával kapcsolatos gyakorlati tudnivalókra, fontosnak tartom tisztázni, mit jelent a távmunka és mit az otthoni munkavégzés. Mindkét esetben otthonról dolgozunk, ennek ellenére a két dolog nem teljesen ugyanaz.
A távmunka feltételeit a Munka Törvénykönyve határozza meg. A munkavállaló munkarendje kötetlen, a munkavégzés informatikai eszközzel történik, mellyel a munkavégzés eredményét elektronikusan továbbítják. Ezzel szemben az otthoni munkavégzés fogalmát a Munka Törvénykönyve – egyelőre – nem ismeri. A home office-t eseti jelleggel rendelheti el a munkáltató vagy kérheti a munkavállaló. Otthoni munkavégzés esetén a munkaidő nem kötetlen.
Miért szeretjük a távmunkát?
A távmunkával rengeteg időt nyerhetünk, mivel nem szükséges a munkahelyre és onnan hazautaznunk – ez az első dolog, ami eszünkbe juthat a távmunka előnyei közül. A reggeli otthoni készülődést is megspórolhatjuk, ráadásul kényelmes öltözetben – akár pizsamában – lehetünk egész nap. Távmunkában nem zavarnak bennünket a nyitott iroda zajai, nem állítanak meg bennünket a kollégák beszélgetni, nem húzódik el az ebédidő egy kötetlen csevegés miatt.
Amíg távmunkában dolgoztam, tagadhatatlanul élveztem ezeket az előnyöket. Leginkább a csendet értékeltem, ez segített abban, hogy jobban tudjak koncentrálni és ezáltal hatékonyabban dolgozni.
Mi hiányozhat, ha otthonról dolgozunk?
A kötetlen beszélgetés akár szakmai, akár magánéleti témában nagyon fontos eleme a munkahelyi kapcsolatoknak. A magánbeszélgetések lehetőséget adnak az egymás iránti bizalom kialakulására, amellett, hogy segítenek pár percre kikapcsolni, feltöltődni. A kávészünetben pedig új inspirációkat lehet szerezni vagy szédületes brainstormingot tartani bármilyen szakmai kérdésben.
Egy online megbeszélés azonban soha nem lehet olyan, mint egy személyes megbeszélés. A legtöbb esetben ugyanis csak egymás arcát látjuk, a metakommunikáció több eleme, kézmozdulat, testtartás, hiányoznak ezekből a beszélgetésekből, ami könnyen szülhet bizonytalanságot. Én a második távmunkában eltöltött hónap után kezdtem érezni az online kommunikáció hátrányát. Mivel a vállalatomnál a laptop kameráját nem használtuk, hiányoztak a konferenciabeszélgetéseken az arcok és a szemkontaktus.
Az irodában minden feltétel adott az irodai munkavégzéshez, elsősorban a stabil informatikai háttér, a megfelelő bútorzat és a világítás. Ha otthonról dolgozol, hasonló körülményeket kell teremtened. Nekem például egy ergonómiailag megfelelő széket kellett vásárolnom az otthoni, egész napos ülőmunkához.
Továbbá az irodában mindig van kéznél valaki, aki tud segíteni, ha elakadsz a munkában, vagy ha nem indul el egy program a gépeden. Online kicsit nehezebb megoldani a technikai segítségnyújtást.
Mire figyelj, ha távmunkában dolgozol
Ahhoz, hogy ne aprózódjanak el a mindennapjaid és ne folyjon egybe a munkaidő és a szabadidő nagyon fontos szem előtt tartani az alábbiakat:
- A munkát ugyanúgy el kell végezni, mintha az ember az irodában ülne. A távmunka alapja a bizalom a vezető és a munkavállaló között. Ezzel a bizalommal nem szabad visszaélni.
- Tartsunk rendszeres megbeszéléseket a főnökünkkel és a kollegákkal, akkor is, ha a munka ezt nem indokolja. Egyrészt így nem távolodunk el egymástól, másrészt, ha a főnökünket időről-időre tájékoztatjuk az elvégzett munkánkról, a nehézségeinkről, az első pontban említett bizalmat erősíthetjük.
- Ne hajtsuk túl magunkat. Az „ezt az emailt még elolvasom, ezt a táblázatot még összedobom” kijelentések észrevétlenül túlmunkához vezethetnek.
- Nagyon tudatosan és következetesen húzzuk meg a határt a munka és a magánélet között, térben és időben egyaránt. Pontosan meg kell határozni, mikor kezdjük a munkát és mikor fejezzük be, mikor tartunk ebédszünetet. Érdemes ezeket a naptárban is rögzíteni. Az idő mellett a külön tér is nagyon fontos a nyugodt munkavégzéshez.
- Tartsunk egy rövid szünetet, ha befejeztük a munkát. Nekem a távmunka ideje alatt nagyon hiányzott az az idő, amíg a munkahelyemről hazaértem, ugyanis az a fél óra elég volt arra, hogy letegyem a munkahelyi gondolatokat.
- Ügyeljünk az otthoni zajokra. Bár nagyon emberi, de nem professzionális, ha a mosógép centrifugája hallatszik egy konferenciabeszélgetésben.
Úgy gondolom, abban sokan egyetértenek velem, hogy távmunkában dolgozni nagyon jó. Ennek ellenére én mégsem dolgoznék kizárólag távmunkában, mert elengedhetetlenül fontosnak érzem a munkahelyi személyes, informális kapcsolatokat, amik jelentősen segítik a szakmai problémák megoldását, erősítik a csapatszellemet, a munkatársak közötti bizalmat.
Ideális megoldásnak azt tartom, amikor az elvégzendő munkához igazítható a munkavégzés módja.
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